There’s a certain risk of falling any time you use a ladder, but the risk multiplies by several times when you use a ladder on stairs. And the problem is — whether you’re installing or repairing drywall, installing electrical fixtures, painting or doing some other work in a stairwell — ladder work is almost impossible to avoid. So if you have to do it, it’s important to do it as safely as possible.
“As a master electrician, I’ve spent a lot of time working on ladders—including staircases, which are among the trickiest spots,” says Josh Leclair, who owns an electrical contracting business. “Over the years, I’ve learned a few key tips to stay safe on stairs in almost any situation.”
Leclair and other pros who navigate this potentially dangerous situation on a regular basis offer ladder safety tips in this post.
Is It Safe To Use a Ladder on Stairs?
“Working on stairs is one of those things that looks sketchy even when you’re doing it right,” says licensed professional handyman Francisco Fuenmayor. OSHA states that stairways and ladders are major causes of injury among construction workers, and many injuries are serious enough to require time off the job.
One reason for the heightened risk is that, if you do fall, you’re not going to hit flat ground; you’ll probably hit the edge of a stair tread (ouch!) and might continue to fall to the bottom of the stairway. Despite this possibility, workers like Fuenmayor use ladders on stairs all the time and have developed methods to do it. They may not be 100 percent safe because of the inherent risks of ladder work, but they’re as safe as using a ladder on level ground.
Risks of using ladders on stairs
The main risk of using a ladder on stairs is that you can fall, and this risk is amplified by several conditions:
- Poor lighting: Stairwells often have no windows, and during construction, there may not be any lighting either.
- Clutter: If you have to step around objects on the stairway, your risk of slipping increases.
- Carrying something: To safely use a ladder, you should maintain three points of contact while climbing. This is difficult or impossible when you’re carrying a large object like a sheet of drywall.
- Damaged ladder: It goes without saying you should never use a damaged ladder on a stairway — or anywhere, for that matter.
- Slippery conditions: When working outdoors, ice, snow and water increase the risk of having a ladder slip out from under you.
How to Safely Use a Ladder on Stairs
You need a way to level your ladder when you use it on stairs, and no, don’t try to do it with blocks of wood and plywood. “Never try to ‘make do’ with a standard ladder and blocks—I’ve seen too many near misses that way,” warns Leclair. You need slip-proof equipment designed to hold your weight.
A ladder platform
Eight of the 10 tradespeople with whom I spoke recommended setting your ladder on an adjustable ladder platform. It has an extendable base and a set of telescoping legs that reach the tread below the one on which you’re working. Two brands they mentioned were the PIVIT ladder tool and the Ladder-Aide.
A ladder leveler
Remodeler Danny Niemela recommends a different tool for leveling your ladder. It attaches to the base of one side of a stepladder and allows you to adjust the length of that side to reach the tread below the one on which the other side is resting. Vevor is a leading brand name.
An A-frame ladder with adjustable legs
“In my experience,” says painter Carr Lanphier, “the only safe ladders to use on stairs are going to be adjustable A-frame ladders where you can set one side lower or higher than the other to give yourself a sturdy surface for painting.” He recommends Little Giant ladders, which are foldable and adjustable and can support 300 pounds.
Safety Tips for Using Ladders on Stairs
Even after you’ve leveled your ladder, you still face increased risk of falling when using a ladder on stairs. Minimize the risk by following these safety guidelines:
- Check before you climb: Make sure the base is firmly seated on the treads and that the treads aren’t icy or slippery. Leclair warns that, if the stairs are carpeted, you need to verify that the carpet is firmly attached to the floor.
- Have a spotter: The job of the spotter is to hold the ladder if it starts to slip and to pass you tools and materials. If no one else is around, Niemela recommends strapping the ladder to a handrail or wall to prevent slipping.
- Maintain three points of contact: You should have two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand, on the ladder at all times.
- Don’t overreach: “I tell my guys: keep the center of your chest between the rails,” says Fuenmayor. “If you’re reaching way out to hit a corner, move the ladder.”
- Follow the one-to-four rule: This tip comes from roofer Robert O’Sullivan: “For every four feet you go up, move the base out one foot.” This stabilizes the ladder and prevents it from falling backward, and it’s especially important when climbing a tall ladder positioned on a stairway.
Alternatives to Ladders for Stair Work
You don’t always need a ladder to get the job done, and some situations are just too dangerous for a ladder. Here are some workarounds:
- Use an extension pole: Painter Brian Kemnitz advises that you can avoid a ladder in many situations — or at least minimize the amount of ladder work you have to do — by using an extension pole for your brush or roller.
- Erect scaffolding: If you’re in a situation that requires moving the ladder repeatedly, you’ll usually work faster and more safely if you rent scaffolding.
- Use a lift: Rent a scissor lift or push-around vertical (PAV) lift to minimize the amount of ladder work you need to get the job done.
FAQ
What type of ladder is best for stairs?
According to our experts, an A-frame ladder with adjustable legs (like the Little Giant) is the best ladder to use for stairs.
About the Experts
- Josh Leclair is a master electrician and the owner of Village Home Services, a business offering electrical, HVAC, and plumbing services.
- Francisco Fuenmayor is an insured handyman currently working as a construction manager at Fran the Handyman and handyman expert at LocalProBook
- Danny Niemela is a professional remodeler and contractor and the Vice President and CFO at ArDan Construction, a luxury home remodeling company in Scottsdale, Arizona
- Carr Lanphier is the CEO of Improovy, an online house painting referral service.
- Robert O’Sullivan is a business owner and roofing and siding contractor at Ranch Roofing Inc. based in Arlington, MA.
- Brian Kemnitz is the owner of Pearl Painters based in Portland, OR.
Sources
- U.S. Occupational and Health Administration: Stairways and Ladders: A Guide to OSHA Rules; (2003)
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