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Does This Viral “Bucket of Doom” Trick Actually Get Rid of Mosquitoes?

Climate change is extending mosquito season across most of the country, plus mosquitoes are adapting to better survive heat waves. So how can we keep them from becoming even more annoying around our yards? This TikTok video hails one solution: the “mosquito bucket of doom.”

I’ve written about — and busted — many mosquito deterrent products that are not based on sound science. So, I was curious if this viral video was another faulty hack. Refreshingly, mosquito experts explained that it can actually work.

“The concept is to create a nice breeding location, then disrupt and kill the larvae before they get a chance to grow,” says Tony King, a pest control expert at The Pied Piper Pest Control Company. “It is not a silver bullet, but it is an intelligent strategy that can reduce mosquito populations.”

Here’s how to make mosquito buckets of doom, plus safely and effectively place them around your yard.

Mosquito Bucket of Doom Ingredients

The three main ingredients in a mosquito bucket of doom are water, yard debris and a larvicide. “These ingredients simulate an ideal mosquito breeding ground with a fatal twist,” says Emma Grace Crumbley, an entomologist at Mosquito Squad Plus.

In the video, the larvicide comes from Mosquito Bits and Mosquito Dunks, products available online and at most hardware stores. Those contain a naturally occurring soil bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), which kills larvae before they become adults, and thus breaks the breeding cycle. The bits are made of granules, which work fast, while the dunks are 30-day slow-release tablets.

As for the yard debris, anything from leaves to hay and grass clippings should work. The point is to provide an attractive food supply for larvae, which encourages mother mosquitoes to lay their eggs in that particular bucket of water.

How To Make a Mosquito Bucket of Doom

@rebelssanctuary If you’re in the south, the mosquitos do not play. I made only two buckets, but I’ll probably make a couple more since it’s so cheap! P.S. I don’t take credit for this easy DIY! I saw another creator make this and thought it was soo smart! #backyard #mosquito #summer ♬ Old Man – Neil Young

Combine water, Mosquito Bits and Dunks and some yard debris in a bucket or other open container. Add the larvicide according to the package instructions, based on how much water you’re using. Keep in mind that you likely don’t need as much water as the video shows.

“Mosquitos are very resourceful when it comes to finding breeding grounds, and mosquito larvae don’t need that much space to swim around and search for food,” says Crumbley. “I would opt for smaller containers with less depth over larger ones.”

The video creator also added a stick to help other wildlife escape if they accidentally get caught inside. “You can add this if it brings you peace of mind, but it may be better just to use smaller buckets,” says Crumbley.

Does It Work?

Yes, buckets of doom do work, but with caveats. They won’t work on adult mosquitoes, eggs and pupae, or mosquito species that lay eggs in moist soil rather than water. Plus, the buckets should be actively monitored and reformulated after heavy rain.

“If done correctly, it can actually reduce the number, but it’s a tool in the toolbox, not a cure-all,” says King. Also, “If you just so happen to forget to add enough Bti or don’t change it often enough, you’re essentially making a mosquito kindergarten. So it doesn’t work unless it is being properly cared for and used in conjunction with other methods of control.”

The most vital secondary method of control is removing standing water throughout your yard, including inside garbage cans and plant pot saucers, since even a small amount of water can become a mosquito breeding ground. Other important control methods include:

• Using fans on patios and tables to disrupt their flight;
• Putting screens on windows;
• Routinely inspecting around the home for breeding grounds;
• Considering professional treatments, especially if you live in an area that’s high-risk for mosquito-borne diseases.

“For those who do not want to even use natural biological control agents, flipping over and draining water sources weekly will interfere with the life cycle completely without product use at all,” says King.

Where Should I Put the Buckets of Doom?

Depending on the size of your yard, you’ll likely need several buckets to provide adequate coverage. Place them in shady, damp areas where mosquitoes naturally accumulate and breed, such as under dense shrubs, next to trash cans and near permanent standing water fixtures like dog bowls and bird baths.

“Instead of making one or two big buckets and placing them in the front and backyard, consider making several smaller buckets to place around the perimeter of the home,” says Crumbley.

Joel Stack, owner of Pulaski Pest Control, says to keep them away from doors and windows to avoid drawing them indoors and from work areas, patios, play areas and other places where people and pets are likely to hang out. The goal is to draw mosquitoes away from where people spend time.

Is The Mosquito Bucket of Doom Safe?

Yes, dunks and bits are considered safe for people, pets, wildlife and the environment, to the point that many organic farming operations use it around their crops.

“The active ingredient only targets mosquito larvae and a few related insects like black flies, so it doesn’t harm humans, dogs, cats, birds, fish or beneficial insects like bees and butterflies,” says Stack. “You can even use them in places like birdbaths and ponds without worry. They’re a popular choice for environmentally friendly mosquito control.”

Of course, it’s still important to closely read and precisely follow the instructions on the product bag. As added precautions, place the buckets out of reach of toddlers and pets, and store the Bits and Dunks in a secure location, since drinking the treated water or chewing on the tablets can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets, says veterinary technician Amber Batteiger.

Also, don’t dump the treated bucket water into natural bodies of water unless the label specifically says that’s okay.

About the Experts

• Emma Grace Crumbley is an entomologist at Mosquito Squad Plus and a self-described bug nerd who uses her expertise to educate people about the fascinating world of bugs.
• Tony King is a pest control expert and the founder of The Pied Piper Pest Control Company, which has been serving in London, England, for more than 25 years.
• Amber Batteiger is a veterinary technician at Embrace Pet Insurance. She also has a decade of animal emergency services and welfare experience, deploying to natural disaster areas around the world.
• Joel Stack is a former wildland firefighter-turned-owner/operator of Pulaski Pest Control, a company that focuses on eco-friendly methods, serving Burlington and northern Vermont.

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10 Genius Ways to Use AirTags in Your Daily Life

AirTags gained popularity over the last few years as people have become increasingly more concerned with keeping track of their belongings — especially those valuables (AirPods, phones, wallets, etc.) The last thing you want to do is lose something you just spent hundreds of dollars on. You’ve probably seen those viral TikTok videos of people using AirTags to locate lost luggage when they travel on an airplane or even on a road trip with friends for summer vacation. With that said, there are more ways to use AirTags these days than ever before that people have come up with to make their lives easier and save money on replacements.

Ahead, we’ve put together a list of some ways to use AirTags that you might not have thought of prior — you’re welcome in advance. Hopefully, they can save you some time tracking down belongings you can’t find.

What Is an AirTag?

An AirTag is a small, circular chip that’s approximately 1.26 inches and is often used to locate belongings within 30 to 100 feet, depending on whether you’re indoors or outside, with its Bluetooth connectivity. Outside of that radius, the device utilizes the “Find My” network to continue tracking until you find it in the “Find My” app. There’s also the option to use precision finding if you’re looking to track it down specifically and not just a general area. This feature is only available for versions including and beyond the iPhone 11.

One AirTag can be shared with up to five people so that different individuals can track items. When looking for an item, you can have a sound play on the built-in speaker so you can more easily locate it, too.

According to Apple’s website, the whole process is anonymous and encrypted to protect your privacy. For the price point, Apple sells them in packs of 1 for $29 or a 4-pack for $99. On Amazon, you can get a 4-pack for $80.

Creative Ways to Use AirTags

Luggage

One of the most common ways to use AirTags is to put them inside luggage. This is great for those who travel often and check their bags with an airline that is responsible for getting that luggage to the final destination. If you’ve ever had a bag go missing, you know how stressful it is. Putting an AirTag in luggage can give you peace of mind knowing that your luggage is on the plane with you, and then you can see when it’s on the way to baggage claim.

Pet collars

Whether you have a dog, cat, or any other animal at home, it can be a good idea to put an AirTag on a collar. Dogs, in particular, tend to run far away, and if you happen to lose sight of your furry friend, you can help locate them using the AirTag.

Keychain/car keys

There’s nothing more frustrating than not being able to find your keys before heading out for the day. Putting an AirTag on a keychain or a key fob can help locate your keys when you’re in a rush, especially if you know they are nearby but you just can’t seem to find them.

Your Car

If you can’t remember where you parked the night before, then putting an AirTag in your car can be helpful. In the event that your car gets towed or even stolen, having an AirTag inside can help you locate it.

A Walker

If you live with an elderly person who has Alzheimer’s or dementia, it’s possible that they might wander off. Putting an AirTag on their walker could help you keep track of them in those unfortunate instances.

Robot Vacuum

For those larger houses, it can be easy to lose track of a robot vacuum as it makes its way into each of your rooms. By putting an AirTag on a robot vacuum, you’ll be able to easily locate it in the event that it runs out of battery midway through the cycle or the built-in tracking feature isn’t working.

Pill Case

Another great way to use an AirTag is to put one on a pill case or pill bottle. If you’re prone to losing your medications, whether while at home or on the go, then putting one on them can help you stay organized. This could be beneficial for loved ones and people with memory issues who may misplace their medications and need help locating them.

A Bike

Unfortunately, bikes are commonly stolen, so putting an AirTag on yours could help prevent theft. You’ll want to put it in a place that’s not visible (perhaps in a bell or under the seat) so it’s more discreet and less likely to be removed.

A Drone

If you have a drone, it could crash or lose signal if it travels far away or into a dead zone. Putting an AirTag on a drone can help you locate it if you can’t find it with the software or built-in features, or the battery dies.

Put On A Remote

Last but not least, we’ve all had a time when the remote seemingly went missing in the house. One of the best ways to use AirTags is to put them on small remotes and controllers that tend to be misplaced, whether that’s for an Apple TV, Roku, or video game console.

FAQ

Are there any AirTag alternatives?

Yes, AirTag alternatives can be used with iOS devices and non-Apple products like Android and other technology. The most common alternatives include the Chipolo One Spot, ATUVOS Air Tag and Tile by Life360. You’ll want to check to see the size, range and compatibility before purchasing to make sure it will work for your needs.

Sources

• Apple: AirTag Tech Support
• MysteriumVPN: How Far Can You Track An AirTag? Distance Limitations Explained

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• Why You Shouldn’t Crush Aluminum Cans Before Recycling 

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What You Can and Can’t Put Out on the Street for Trash Pick Up

If you’re wondering what you can put out on the street for trash pickup, you won’t get better advice than you will from someone who deals with trash on a daily basis. Jordan Grissman operates a dumpster rental service in the area surrounding Green Bay, WI, and part of his service includes delivering waste to the Outagamie County Recycling Center.

“Because we work closely with the local municipal facility, we’re very familiar with what can and can’t be picked up at the curb or accepted at the recycling center,” says Grissman.

So we had some questions: Can you throw an old chair out on the road for pickup? How about leftover paint or that troublesome styrofoam packing that accompanies every boxed appliance or piece of electronic equipment? Waste management rules may not be exactly the same in every location as they are in Wisconsin, but as our experts confirm, most are fairly universal. Here’s what to know.

What You Can Put Out on the Street for Trash/Recycling Pickup?

If you live in the UK, you can put most household waste out for trash/recycling pickup, says rubbish removal expert Gareth Lloyd Jones. “Your kitchen scraps, packaging from deliveries, and general bits and bobs will always be collected.” The same is true in Wisconsin, says Grissman: “Most cities allow household trash in sealed bags and common recyclables like cardboard, clean paper, glass containers, and plastics with 1 or 2 in the recycling logo.” Things aren’t much different in Florida, according to waste management expert Valentina Rodriguez, or more generally across the U.S., according to Brent Bell, who is the vice president of recycling at Waste Management.

Here’s a list of what you can put out on the street for pickup:

• Household trash, including items that are not recyclable and not considered hazardous waste.
• Yard waste, such as branches, grass clippings and palm fronds. In Florida, “branches should be under six inches in diameter and cut to four feet or shorter,” says Rodriguez. That’s a good rule to follow no matter where you live.
• Recyclables, including clean and dry bottles, cans, paper and cardboard. They usually go in a separate container. “Remember to keep food and liquid out of your recycling,” says Bell, who also advises: “Do not recycle loose plastic bags or bag your recyclables.” Bags interfere with the recycling process.
• Bulk items such as furniture, mattresses and appliances are generally accepted curbside, depending on your hauler’s schedule in Florida, according to Rodriguez. This isn’t true everywhere, however, (including in California, where I live), so check with your waste management service first.

What You Can’t Put Out on the Street for Trash/Recycling Pickup

The list of what you can’t put out on the street for pickup is longer than the list of what you can:

Hazardous materials

• Paints;
• Pesticides;
• Cleaning chemicals;
• Motor oil (unless in approved containers supplied by the waste authority);
• CFL light bulbs.

Construction debris

• Lumber, composites, plastics and other building materials;
• Drywall and drywall joint compound;
• Tiles;
• Concrete;
• Steel materials (rebar, hardware cloth, connecting plates).

Appliances that use refrigerant

• Refrigerators;
• Freezers;
• Air conditioners;
• Dehumidifiers.

Electronics equipment

• Televisions;
• Computers and peripherals (printers, hard drives, etc.);
• Cables.

Potentially flammable or explosive items

• Propane tanks;
• Batteries (some retailers recycle used batteries. You can find a list of those that do in your area by checking www.call2recycle.org.
• Incandescent light bulbs.

Tires

Styrofoam

Loose plastic bags (Grissman suggests taking these to a local grocery store for recycling).

Tips for Putting Trash Out on the Street

• “Use durable bags and close the lids of your bins,” says Grissman. Don’t bag recyclables, though. They must be loose in the cart.
• Place items at the curb on your assigned pickup day. Rodriguez recommends getting the trash out by 7 AM and Bell suggest 6 AM, but you get the idea…early.
• Don’t block sidewalks or mailboxes. Rodriguez recommends keeping them at least three feet away.
• Call your waste management authority or the city waste department if you have something large or unusual. Some require advance notice or special stickers on the item for it to be picked up.
• Don’t overstuff bins. “Don’t be surprised if you notice in the morning that an overstuffed bin hasn’t been collected,” warns Jones. “Crews simply won’t empty bins that are too full or have lids that won’t close properly.”

FAQ

Where do I find my city’s trash pickup rules?

Rules and regulations vary by where you live, but your city or county should have residential trash and recycling collection information on its website. If you can’t find information there, Bell recommends these two Waste Management resources:

Recycling 101

Residential Trash & Recycling Pickup

“If you’re still unsure after checking online, give your local authority a ring,” says Jones. “They’d rather answer your questions than deal with incorrectly disposed waste.”

Am I allowed to put things I want to give away out on the street?

When I lived in Japan in the ’90s, there were designated days for collecting large items, and I remember them fondly. They were field days for scavengers looking for antiques. In places without such service, the rules of what you can put out on the street vary. According to Grissman:

“It depends on local ordinances, HOA restrictions, etc. Some cities allow clearly labeled “free” items on the curb, but others may consider it against the law. The same for HOAs – you might get in trouble if you create a visual eyesore in your neighborhood. If you’re unsure, it’s safer to donate the item or list it on Facebook Marketplace.”

About the Experts

• Jordan Grissman is the owner of Grissman Dumpsters LLC, based in Appleton, WI.
• Gareth Lloyd Jones is the managing director of HIPPO, rubbish removal experts serving multiple locations in England, Scotland and Wales.
• Brent Bell is the Vice President of Recycling at Waste Management.
• Valentina Rodriguez is a seasoned educator and communicator and the Solid Waste Outreach Coordinator for St. Lucie County, Florida.

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How To Get Rid of Concrete

Concrete is one of the most commonly used construction materials in the world. It’s a simple mix of cement, water, and sand or crushed stone that hardens into a strong, durable product used in everything from sidewalks to skyscrapers. Homeowners most often encounter concrete around the exterior of their home, whether it’s part of a patio, sidewalk or staircase.

Concrete demolition is tough, physical work, but disposing of it isn’t always simple either. Last summer, I removed a cracked concrete patio to make way for a new paver patio, and one of the biggest challenges and costs of the project was getting rid of the old concrete.

Ahead, learn why proper concrete disposal matters and how to handle it in your area, with advice from demolition pros Scott Rumplik of GBS Dumpster Rentals and Louis Fiore, a retired demo and trash expert.

Why Proper Concrete Disposal is Important

The biggest issue with concrete disposal is the sheer volume it can occupy in landfills. Concrete is large and heavy. If everyone were allowed to simply throw it away, it would quickly take up an inordinate amount of space in already overburdened landfills. Unlike wood, concrete doesn’t break down over time and its weight adds further strain on disposal systems.

In addition to its volume, improper disposal can pose health risks. “Concrete contains lots of dangerous ingredients, like lime and silica,” Fiore says, “It’s very corrosive and dangerous to breathe.” While most of the risk occurs during the mixing stage when cement dust becomes airborne, hardened concrete isn’t entirely risk-free. If it’s cut or crushed, those dangers can resurface.

Local Laws & Regulations on Concrete Disposal

State and local laws will vary, but concrete is typically not permitted at municipal landfills and must be disposed of in dedicated concrete recycling and disposal centers. Check with your local public works or transfer station for local concrete disposal options.

No federal laws govern clean concrete disposal, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers cured concrete a “non-hazardous solid waste”. However, concrete contaminated with lead paint, asbestos or chemicals is considered hazardous waste and must be disposed of according to EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Contact your state’s environmental agency for more information.

How To Dispose of Concrete Safely

Choose the best option for your budget, ability and project size.

Recycling center

Haul clean, unpainted concrete to a local concrete recycling center. “You usually pay by the ton,” Fiore says, and there will often be a size limit per piece (2×2-ft. maximum for example). Recycling centers crush the concrete into “gravel that’s used as underlayment for roads, or they might mix it with asphalt as a binder for paving,” Fiore says. This is the preferred method as it gives broken concrete another useful purpose rather than just taking up space in a landfill. “They will also take out any rebar or metal and recycle that too,” Rumplik says.

Use a dumpster service

Rent a dumpster that is Construction and Demolition (C&D) approved. Fill the dumpster with clean concrete and the company will remove it from your property and dispose of it for a fee. Check with the company to confirm that concrete is acceptable ahead of time.

Bring to a C&D landfill

States with large populations and urban areas may have dedicated C&D landfills due to high construction and demolition activity. These landfills will often accept mixed demolition products in the same load, like concrete, glass, lumber and roof shingles. Contact your local solid waste department and ask about local C&D landfills, or do an online search.

Re-use on your property

“It’s a lot of work to haul concrete,” Fiore says, so consider reusing it right in your own yard. Use larger, flat pieces as stepping stones or place them close together to create a walkway. Stack flat pieces to build a decorative wall or garden edge.

For new concrete projects, crush old concrete into gravel with a sledgehammer and reuse it as a hardpack base. Always wear a dust mask when cutting, breaking or crushing concrete to protect against dust. Also, wear protective gloves and use water to keep the dust down.

How To Find Where to Dispose of Concrete Near Me

To dispose of concrete nearby, start by checking your state or local environmental agency’s website for permitted C&D landfills or recycling centers. You can also call local landfills, transfer stations or public works departments to ask about accepting concrete. An online search for ‘concrete recycliing near me’ should also produce local results.

About the Experts

• Scott Rumplik is the owner of GBS Dumpster Rentals in Hampden, Massachusetts, a family-owned business since 2001.
• Louis Fiore is a retired demo and trash professional in Springfield, Massachusetts with over thirty years of industry experience.

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Need to Cool Down Your Scorching Car? Try This Simple TikTok Hack

What To Do Before You Close On Your New Home

1 Month Before Closing

Take your loan from pre-approved to approved.

Gather the financial information your lender requests to take your loan from being pre-qualified or pre-approved to fully approved. The lender will provide a list of required documents that they’ll need to sign off on before the closing date is set.

“Make sure to get this completed as soon as possible,” says Milicevic. It doesn’t hurt to contact your lender every few days during this process, too, to ensure everything is on track.

Schedule a home inspection.

Ask your realtor for home inspector referrals, and schedule the home inspection for their next available date, making sure it’s still within your option period for backing out in case they find a deal-breaker.

“Trying to save time or money by skipping an inspection is risky, as serious issues are often hidden beneath the surface,” says real estate broker Jon Wade. “I’ve seen buyers move in only to discover major problems they didn’t budget for.”

Pro-tip: Get estimates for any big repairs.

Lock in homeowners’ insurance.

Most lenders won’t let you close without proof of coverage, plus it’s wise to know what your yearly insurance expenses will be, in case they put the house out of reach financially. “Don’t just accept the first insurance quote,” says Wade. “Get two or three, so you’re not overpaying.”

Know your expected closing costs.

Ask for a breakdown of your expected closing costs so nothing surprises you. “If you wait on these, you could delay your closing or end up owing more than you expected,” says Wade. I’ve seen buyers blindsided by final numbers because they didn’t check early enough.”

Create a strategy for moving your belongings.

Especially if you have a lot of stuff, it’s time to start a packing plan. Begin the process of decluttering and packing non-essentials. If you’re going to hire movers, this is a good time to get price quotes and determine their availability, plus their ability to move specialized items like pianos or artwork.

Prepare to leave your current home.

If you’re renting, double-check your current lease agreement. Many landlords require 30 days’ notice, but you also don’t want to risk leaving yourself without a home if the new one falls through. Work with your landlord about what sort of official notice you need to give to minimize paying double with both rent and a mortgage.

3 Weeks Before Closing

By now, you should be pre-approved for the loan, with the home inspection complete and the appraisal ordered by the lender. “You’re in prep mode now,” says Wade. “You’ll thank yourself later for doing this early.”

Start setting up utilities.

Contact utility companies now to set up accounts and give them your move-in date. Don’t forget electric, gas/propane, water/sewer, garbage, internet, cable and a phone land-line (if you still use one of those).

“No utilities means no lights, no hot water and no Wi-Fi when you move in,” says Wade. “A common mistake is forgetting to schedule the internet, as it’s often the slowest one to install.”

Schedule the final walk-through.

Ask your realtor to schedule the walk-through, preferably with it taking place about one week before closing. “Skipping the walk-through means you might miss last-minute issues the seller didn’t mention,” says Wade.

Review closing documents.

Ask your realtor or lender for a draft of your closing documents, so you can review them in advance. Reading it all might feel tedious, but “not reviewing documents beforehand turns closing day into a rushed mess,” says Wade.

Review the inspection report.

You should have received the inspection report by now. Discuss the findings with your agent and request any repairs or credits from the seller.

2 Weeks Before Closing

“At this point, you should have a very good sense of whether the transaction is moving forward successfully,” says Milicevic. By now you should have full loan approval, negotiated any repairs or credits with the seller and have your appraisal report in hand.

“You’re almost there; now’s the time to lock in the details,” says Wade.

Confirm the closing date.

Confirm the exact closing date and time with your agent and lender, and double-check with both about any lingering tasks that still need to be completed.

Prepare closing funds.

Ask your lender how and when to send your funds (usually they’ll require a certified check or wire transfer). Make sure funds for both the down payment and closing costs are accessible in your bank account. “If you don’t have the funds ready or don’t confirm dates, your whole closing can fall apart,” says Wade. “Pro-tip: Triple-check your wiring instructions to avoid scams.”

1 Week Before Closing

“By now, you should know for certain whether this transaction is going to close successfully,” says Milicevic. The appraisal should be finalized, and your lender should have completed underwriting.

“You’re steps away from the finish line; stay focused,” says Wade.

Do the final walk-through.

With a week left, you’ll still have time to ask the seller to fix anything if needed. Bring a checklist to note any issues, take photos and don’t be afraid to speak up. “Skipping the walk-through is a gamble,” says Wade. “Pro-tip: Bring a friend; they may notice things you don’t.”

Start packing, for real.

It’s time to start loading up those boxes once and for all. Label them by room. If you plan on hiring a moving company, this is also the time to make sure your move is scheduled.

Triple-check all of the details.

Again, confirm with your lender and agent that they have everything they need from you and that all of the paperwork and processes are in order. Also, double-check with them about the closing time and location.

“I’ve had buyers show up at the wrong office, don’t be that person,” says Wade.

24 Hours Before Closing

“At this point, there shouldn’t be much left to do,” says Milicevic. “This is an exciting moment. Soon, you’ll be settling into your new space and beginning an exciting new chapter.”

Review everything, again.

Review your final documents one last time. Make sure you understand what you’re signing. Reconfirm your payment details and the total amount. Read every page and ask questions. Print or screenshot wire instructions in advance.

“Missing your funds will delay the closing,” says Wade. ” Also, not understanding the paperwork could lead to regrets later. This is the last checkpoint. You’ve got this.”

Closing Day

Final prep for the main event.

Don’t forget to bring your ID (driver’s license or passport) and your full payment. Arrive 15 to 20 minutes early, as closings can get backed up. Then, once you’re at the closing table, don’t be afraid to take your time signing the closing documents. Ask questions if anything seems off.

“It’s a common mistake to rush through documents without understanding them,” says Wade. “Pro-tip: Bring your own pen; sometimes they really do run out. And check that your keys and garage remotes work before you leave.”

Finalize your new home.

Sign the papers. Get the keys. Celebrate.

“Signing everything correctly finalizes the deal and getting the keys officially makes the place yours,” says Wade. “You did it. Welcome home.”

FAQ

What shouldn’t you do before closing on a house?

Do not, under any circumstances, take on new debt during the home loan process, including financing a car, opening a new credit card or making large purchases like appliances or furniture. This also includes not having your credit pulled for any reason other than by the lender you’re working with. “This is absolutely critical,” says Milicevic. “Maintaining your financial stability during this period is essential to ensuring your loan closes smoothly.”

Your lender will likely run a final credit check before closing and any new debt can change your credit profile, affect your debt-to-income ratio and even cause your loan to be delayed or denied, says Wade. “It’s best to wait until the keys are in your hand before making any big financial moves,” he says.

Can I switch jobs before closing on a house?

Maybe. Switching jobs right before closing can raise red flags for your lender. If you’re changing to a new role in the same field with a similar or higher salary, it might be fine, but it still needs to be communicated early and clearly, says Wade. “If you’re moving to a different industry, becoming self-employed or changing to commission-based pay, that can create issues,” he says. “In general, it’s best to hold off on any job changes until after the deal is finalized.”

About the Experts

• Jon Wade is a real estate expert, resort market professional and Broker Owner at The Steamboat Group, a family-owned real estate firm in Colorado. He has been working in the industry since 2005.
• Luka Milicevic is a contractor/home builder, plus an avid DYIer and Real Estate agent in the Nashville, Tennessee, area.

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Carcinogens Detected in Drinking Water Across 19 States

There are some easy things you can do to protect your health and livelihood, like not getting behind the wheel of a car if you’ve been drinking or abstaining from smoking whenever possible. But there are still ways that you can unintentionally expose yourself to toxins in your environment. Waterkeeper Alliance recently released a report warning that they found carcinogens in the drinking water of several states.

What Are Carcinogens?

Carcinogens are compounds that cause cancer. Prolonged exposure to them poses a great health risk. Some states, like California, have laws requiring businesses to post warnings if they use carcinogens or have them on-site at their factories. Certain carcinogens are common knowledge; we now know that cigarette usage is linked to lung cancer, for example. But others aren’t so obvious.

You’ve likely heard of “forever chemicals”: chemicals that don’t break down in the environment but instead linger indefinitely. One set of forever chemicals is per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). According to the National Cancer Institute, “Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the most well-studied PFAS, was first classified in 2014 as a possible human carcinogen, and in 2023, the working group upgraded PFOA to a human carcinogen.”

Where Do PFAS Come From?

Waterkeeper Alliance warns that PFAS come from many sources, and live in your home in places you may not have thought were possible. They’re found in “nonstick cookware, personal care products, stain-resistant fabrics, and firefighting foam.” Factories, airports, military bases and landfills all contribute to the PFAS that make their way into the soil and water.

You might think that the contaminants in the water system can be cleared out by wastewater treatment plants, but you’re sadly mistaken. Waterkeeper Alliance explains that “wastewater treatment plants …receive PFAS-contaminated water from industries, homes, and landfills, but most are not equipped to fully remove these chemicals.” This means that the PFAS end up in the “discharged effluent and accumulate in sewage sludge—the solid byproduct of wastewater treatment.” This is their ticket back into the environment, as much of this sludge ultimately becomes fertilizer. And, as Waterkeeper Alliance explains, “once in the environment, PFAS travels through air, water, and soil—eventually contaminating drinking water, food, and even household dust.”

Which States Have Carcinogens in Their Drinking Water?

The most recent Waterkeeper Alliance study shows that the following states had detectable levels of PFAS in their water:

• Alabama
• California
• Connecticut
• Florida
• Georgia
• Maryland
• Michigan
• Mississippi
• New Jersey
• New York
• North Carolina
• Oregon
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• Texas
• Virginia
• Washington
• West Virginia
• Wisconsin

The organization is encouraging people around the country to pressure Congress and the EPA to protect Americans from these carcinogens.

Source

• PFAS | The Unseen Crisis: Uncovering ‘Forever Chemicals’ in Our Waters, Waterkeeper Alliance.
• PFAS Exposure and Risk of Cancer, National Cancer Institute, 2024.

Related

• The 5 States Where Winter Driving Is Most Dangerous 
• Which States Have the Highest and Lowest Property Taxes? 
• The Biggest Home in Each State That Will Stun You 

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Yellow Tags in the Road? Here’s What They Mean

Are Car Night View Cameras Worth It? Safety Pros and Cons

Nowadays cars come from the factory equipped with more and more technology. Dealers proudly highlight features like backup cameras which claim to make your car safer, but what about a car equipped with a night view camera? Is this kind of technology something that actually makes your car safer? Or is it a “safety feature” that just adds another layer of potential distractions to the road?

What Is a Car Night Vision Camera?

Mercedes-Benz has offered Night View Assist for over a decade and a half. This feature uses “infrared beams and a special camera” to give its drivers “a real-time view of the dark road ahead.” The company website explains that the system “can point out and shine the headlamps toward pedestrians it detects.” The site also explains that “unlike thermal systems, it can sense cold objects, too.”

The Mercedes-Benz site explains that the system can “detect pedestrians at a range of up to 80 metres,” whereupon “the captured image is sent to a display in the instrument cluster… as soon as the system detects any pedestrians in front of the car, they are highlighted in the display by the Active Night View Assist Plus.”

What Cars Have Night Vision Cameras?

According to Kelley Blue Book, in addition to the Night View Assistance PLUS feature that Mercedes-Benz offers “on all models with Intelligent Drive,” the following auto manufacturers sell some vehicles with some type of night vision camera:

• Toyota
• Lexus
• BMW
• Bentley
• Cadillac
• Maybach 

If you want this type of system but aren’t in a position to buy a high-end luxury vehicle equipped with one, you can also purchase after-market night vision dash cameras for your vehicle.

Does a Night Vision Camera Make Your Car Safer?

Any new technology will take some getting used to, so your feelings about whether or not you’re safer driving a car with a night vision camera may depend heavily on your preferences and previous experience with new vehicle safety technology.

Kelley Blue Book argues that these cameras are only sometimes worth it—that is, they only sometimes offer enough benefits to offset the cost that they add to the vehicle. The site argues that “while promising accident reduction, its value depends on the climate and weather conditions, driving habits, and budget.”

While the technology can detect stationary hazards, pedestrians, and other living creatures, Kelley Blue Book cautions that it has limitations. Thermal systems “may have difficulty ‘seeing’ inanimate objects that don’t emit heat, such as road barriers or debris.” The site also warns that “ambient temperatures in warmer climates can affect the thermal readings.”

Infrared systems also have their shortcomings. They circumvent thermal system limitations, but “inclement weather can present a problem for active night vision systems, which rely on infrared illumination.” If you live somewhere where “snow, rainstorms, or fog is commonplace,” you may run into issues if you solely rely on it. 

Ultimately, it comes down to the environment you drive in and how much assistance you expect your vehicle to give you while driving. If you rely solely on a car night view camera to navigate while driving in the dark, you may still run into problems. But if you’re aware of your system’s limitations and use it as one of many tools, you may find that it does make night driving a safer experience.

Source

• New Spotlight Function for Active Night View Assist Plus, Mercedes-Benz Media Newsroom USA, 2010.
• Safety, Mercedes-Benz Media Newsroom USA.
• Night Vision in a Vehicle: Is It Worth It?, Kelley Blue Book, 2025.

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10 Things You Should Know About Gasoline

Is Premium or Mid-Grade Fuel Worth the Extra Money?

Premium gas does have the same amount of ethanol as other grades, but it doesn’t provide any more power or contain better additives than regular gas, and it contains . It just resists detonation (knock) better than lower-octane gas—nothing more, nothing less.

Some brands place slightly more detergent additive in their premium than in their other grades, but all grades meet the minimum required by the EPA. Bottom line? The carmaker knows best, so use the octane-rated fuel that’s called for in your owner’s manual. If your engine requires or ‘recommends’ 89- or 93-octane fuel, that’s what you should use to get peak performance and fuel efficiency. But there is an exception to the rule.

If you have an older car that’s designed for 87-octane gas and it knocks when you punch the pedal, try filling it with 89-octane fuel to see if the knock goes away. If so, keep using 89-octane to regain some power and save your engine.

How Long Can Gas be Stored?

If you store gas for your small engines in a tightly sealed container (allow some room for expansion at the top of the can), it’ll last for a season. However, if your gas container doesn’t seal tightly or you leave the spout off, airborne moisture and condensation can cause ethanol separation, oxidation and gum formation. Ethanol corrodes the carburetor and damages fuel line components, and gum, well, just gums up the works.

Adding fuel stabilizer to fresh gas reduces the risk of separation, oxidation and gum formation, but it can’t compensate for sloppy handling. Investing in a better-sealing gas container costs a lot less than a carburetor rebuild.

Are There Any Gas Additives Worth Using?

No ‘magic’ or ‘revolutionary’ additives will increase your fuel efficiency. However, some owners like to add fuel-system cleaning additives periodically. Many companies make the type you add to your tank. The most effective ones have polyisobutylamine (PIBA) and polyetheramine (PEA), so look for one of those ingredients on the label. Follow the product’s directions for treat rates. Avoid all other gas additives!

Is a Major-Brand Gas Better Than a Lesser-Known Brand?

Twenty years ago, there was a difference between gas from the major brands and ‘cheap’ gas from no-name stations. Today, the biggest difference between gasoline brands is the type of fuel-system cleaning additives used. However, the EPA mandates a minimum level of fuel-system cleaning additives, and all gasoline sold in the United States must meet those levels. There are other, minor, differences. Gasoline is a blend of more than 150 components, and every brand uses its own formula. So you may find that one brand performs better than a different brand in your car or provides a slight mileage advantage. However, that same brand and grade may not perform as well in a different engine. So it’s impossible to make broad claims that one particular brand is best for all vehicles.

What’s the Best Way to Dispose of Old Fuel?

You can add up to 1 gallon of old gas to your vehicle’s tank, but it should be nearly full of fuel to dilute the old gas. However, you should take old premixed (oil and gas) fuel for two-cycle engines to a nearby hazardous waste recycling center. Don’t add it to your car or truck.

What is Non-Oxygenated Gas?

Most gasoline- premium gas and other grades alike- does have ethanol because refiners add it to increase the fuel’s oxygen content and to comply with federal law. As a side benefit, ethanol is one of a few gasoline components with a high octane rating. Nonoxygenated gas doesn’t contain ethanol, so it eliminates corrosion problems when left in the fuel system for long periods. That makes it a great choice for engines that are stored in the off-season. Plus, it’s the fuel to use if you own an older boat that wasn’t designed for ethanol fuels.

But non-oxygenated gas isn’t entirely trouble-free. It still oxidizes and forms gum over time, so you should observe the same fuel storage precautions and treat it with fuel stabilizer when you buy it. To find a station that sells ‘nonoxy’ gas, go to pure-gas.org.

What’s the Difference Between Summer and Winter Blends?

Gasoline burns only when it’s a vapor. Unfortunately, carburetors and fuel injectors don’t vaporize gas; they just atomize it (make liquid droplets). Atomized gas converts to vapor easily in summer heat but needs help when it’s cold. So, refiners change to a winter blend with more butane and other lighter hydrocarbons when cold weather arrives. When summer comes, they cut back on those components and return to normal summer blends. This is another reason to use gas for only one season—you’ll always have the proper formulation for the weather.

Is E-85 Fuel the Best Choice in Flex-Fuel Vehicles?

A flex-fuel vehicle can run on both regular E-10 (10 percent ethanol) and E-85 (85 percent ethanol) gasoline. E-85, or more correctly, flex fuel, can have a wide range of ethanol content—anywhere from 51 to 85 percent, depending on the season and the relative price of the ethanol and hydrocarbon.

However, because a gallon of ‘typical’ E-85 provides 27 percent less energy than a gallon of E-10 gasoline, you’ll get approximately 27 percent fewer miles per gallon. When E-10 gas prices are high, E-85 may provide some cost advantages. However, since market prices for ethanol vary quite a bit, you’ll have to factor in the reduced mpg to decide whether E-85 is the best choice for your flex-fuel vehicle. Your wallet may be able to tell the difference with the fuel choice, but your car won’t care.

Is Premium or Regular Fuel Best for Small Engines?

Some people fill their small engines with premium gas based on the mistaken notion that all premium gas is ethanol free or that it’ll help the engine run better. In fact, 95 percent of all gas sold in the United States (regular, mid-grade and premium) contains ethanol.

Since most small engines don’t have engine management computers to compensate for different fuels, you should always use the fuel recommended by the engine manufacturer. Believe it or not, small engines generally start and run best with regular fuel.

Can Modern Gas be Used in Old Cars Designed for Leaded Gas?

Tetraethyl lead did double duty by increasing octane and reducing valve seat wear on older vehicles (mostly pre-1970). Later-model vehicles usually have much harder valve seats, so unleaded gas isn’t a problem.

However, if you own an older vehicle, you have three options: Buy a bottle of lead substitute at any auto parts store and add it to each tank (adds about 3? per gallon), have the cylinder heads rebuilt with harder valve seats, or just fill with unleaded gas and rebuild the cylinder heads when they fail.

About the Expert

Fred Walas is a gasoline expert with Marathon Petroleum Company, the fourth-largest refining company in the United States.

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4 Easy Ways to Cut Vinyl Plank Flooring Like a Pro

Score and snap

This method is ideal for cutting vinyl planks at the ends of rows while installing. However, it is not suitable for precise or irregular cuts. You will need fresh, clean utility knife blade to properly score the vinyl flooring with this method.

• Mark the cuts you need to make on the vinyl plank.
• Use a straight edge to align with your cut line. Carefully and slowly score the vinyl plank using a utility knife. Make sure to score the plank on a sacrificial surface to avoid damage.
• Score the vinyl plank multiple times on the same cut line.
• Position the scored vinyl plank so the cut line aligns with the edge of a table or workbench. This is done with most of the plank supported on the surface. Hold the supported portion firmly with one hand, then use your other hand to apply steady downward pressure on the overhanging section until the plank snaps cleanly along the scored line.

Flooring saw

If you don’t feel comfortable using a utility knife to cut vinyl planks for straight cuts, you can use a flooring saw as an alternative method. Make sure to equip the saw with the correct blade, specifically a carbide-tipped fine-tooth blade, to ensure a clean cut and minimize chipping of the vinyl plank. A flooring saw cuts luxury vinyl tile and planks, laminates, and hardwood flooring.

• Mark the cut line on the vinyl plank, noting the waste side. Place your speed square at the mark and draw a straight line across the plank.
• Before turning on the saw, position your vinyl plank against the saw’s fence. Align the blade on the waste side of the marked line.
• Ensuring your hands are at least six inches away from the blade’s path. Pull the trigger to start the saw. Gradually lower the spinning blade into the plank until the cut is complete. Once finished, release the trigger and hold the saw carriage in place until it stops completely.
• Raise the blade from the plank and install the plank.

Table saw

Table saws are ideal for straight, clean rip cuts along the length of vinyl planks. To achieve a clean cut while minimizing chipping and tearout, be sure to equip the saw with the appropriate blade, specifically a carbide-tipped fine-tooth blade.

• Mark a line for your cut with a speed square and indicate the waste side of the plank.
• Set the blade height to 1/8-in. above the surface of the plank.
• Align the plank with the fence and adjust it so that the blade cuts on the waste side of your marked line.
• Lock the fence in place, turn on the saw, and slowly push the plank through using a push stick to guide the plank. Keep your hands clear of the blade path at all times.
• Slide the plank away from the blade. Turn off the saw and remove the cutoff piece from the table. Then install the plank.

Jigsaw

A jigsaw is an effective tool for making irregular cuts, such as round cuts. Before you start cutting, make sure you have a fresh fine-tooth blade in the jigsaw.

• Mark your cut line on the plank.
• Secure the vinyl plank, position the jigsaw at the starting point of your markings, and follow the cutting line.
• Press the saw shoe firmly against the plank. Start the motor, ensuring the blade is not touching the piece, and guide the blade along the cutting line.
• Always move the saw forward at a slow pace that allows the blade to cut smoothly without deflecting. Make relief cuts to remove excess material to prevent the saw blade from binding on tight curves. If the blade gets stuck, turn off the saw and back the blade out carefully before continuing.
• To “plunge cut” into the middle of the plank, drill a 1/2-in. starter hole to safely position the blade for a cut.
• Once the cut is complete, smooth any rough edges with fine sandpaper if needed, then install the plank.

FAQ

Can you cut vinyl plank flooring with a utility knife?

Yes, you can cut vinyl plank flooring with a utility knife by scoring the plank and snapping off the waste piece.

How do you cut vinyl flooring without chipping it?

Use a sharp, clean blade to score several lines on the vinyl plank. If using saws, choose fine-tooth saw blades that are preferably carbide-tipped and in good condition.

How big of a gap should I leave between the vinyl flooring and the wall?

Insert shims to create about a 1/4-in. to 3/8-in. gap between the flooring and the walls to allow the flooring to expand.

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The Simple Rule For Walking On A Street With No Sidewalk

Walking is good for you, there’s no question about it. Whether it’s a simple stroll through your neighborhood or your primary method of transportation, that type of movement is a good habit for anybody to get into. But if you’re walking somewhere where there are cars on the road, you need to be aware of the traffic safety rules in place.

Sticking to sidewalks is a great way to stay safe while walking. But if you find yourself in a situation where walking along a road with traffic is unavoidable, here’s what you should know before you proceed.

What Do I Do if There Are No Sidewalks?

Nearly every state has a law on the books saying that, whenever possible, pedestrians should walk on sidewalks. But if that’s not an option, the New York’s Governor’s Traffic Safety Committee (GTSC) says that “pedestrians must walk facing traffic as far to the left as possible.” Wisconsin’s Department of Transportation (DOT) says the same: “If there is no sidewalk, walk facing traffic and as far from traffic as possible.”

No matter what state you live in, if you look up the law about what to do if there are no sidewalks, you’ll find the same answer.

Why Does This Rule Exist?

The logic behind this rule has to do with visibility. For your own safety, you need to be as far away from traffic as possible. But you also need to maximize your own ability to see the vehicles on the road. So by hugging the edge of the road and facing traffic, you can see potential dangers ahead of time and get as far out of the way as possible.

This rule may feel counterintuitive when compared to the rules governing other vehicles. Bikes, for example, must ride in the same direction as the cars that they share the road with. The difference is infrastructure. Many roads have designated bike lanes to keep them separate from cars, and most bikes aren’t supposed to be ridden on the sidewalk. But this “walk facing traffic” rule is taking into account specific situations where the regular rules of the road are disrupted, and it’s prioritizing awareness for all parties. While you’ll hear most cars, some vehicles are incredibly quiet. Plus, if there are other road or weather-related noises, you may not hear approaching cars until it’s too late. Ultimately, walking in the direction of oncoming traffic gives you an extra layer of awareness.

Sources

Rules and reminders for pedestrians and drivers, State of Wisconsin Department of Transportation.

Pedestrian Safety Overview, New York State Governor’s Traffic Safety Committee.

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When Is It Safe for a Child to Ride in the Front Seat?

How to Read Recycling Symbols — And Why Those Numbers Matter

When I visited my friend in Scotland, I was amazed to see how little waste from her family of four actually went into the garbage can. Besides their good habits of buying items with minimal packaging, their city offers comprehensive curbside recycling and composting — and it’s strongly expected that everyone know how to use them properly.

Here in the States, I’ve noticed much greater confusion when it comes to recycling, especially regarding the symbols on plastic containers. Those numbers inside the little triangle — aka Resin Identification Codes, or RIC numbers — usually range from one to seven, and sorting them properly is vital to keep larger batches of recyclables from being contaminated and sent to the landfill.

Here’s what those recycling numbers mean, plus more about what to do with plastics.

What Do the Numbers in Recycling Symbols Mean?

Those RIC numbers identify what type of plastic an item is made from, which helps consumers and recycling facilities sort them. But having a number doesn’t necessarily mean an item can be recycled.

In fact, those numbers have a bit of a nefarious origin, says Aminah Taarique-Sidibe, manager of End Plastics at EarthDay.org. In the 1980s, the plastic industry took the familiar paper recycling symbol and added a number into the middle. “This move was essentially a greenwashing tactic to make people feel good about plastic use, while very little plastic actually gets recycled,” she says.

#1 PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)

PET plastics, like drink bottles, are some of the most widely accepted and easiest to recycle plastics, often finding a new life as bottles, car interiors and seatbelts. Before putting them in the recycle bin, don’t forget to empty out the contents and remove the bottle tops.

#2 HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene)

More opaque and durable than PET, HDPE commonly makes up milk jugs, detergent bottles and shampoo containers. It is also widely recyclable, finding new life as pipes, recycling bins and outdoor furniture. Again, don’t forget to take the caps off before putting them in the bin.

#3 PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

PVC is commonly used in pipes, door frames, inflatable air beds and shower curtains. It is rarely recyclable curbside, because the dangerous chemicals in it require a specialist facility.”This is why such as high percentage (around 82%) of PVC waste worldwide ends up in landfill, with just 3% actually being recycled,” says Gareth Lloyd Jones, managing director at HIPPO waste management.

#4 LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene)

Usually used in plastic bags, frozen food packaging, shrink wrap and squeezable bottles, LDPE is also not accepted in most curbside programs. It’s especially important to keep it out of the recycling bin, since it jams machinery at facilities, causing major problems. There are drop-off points, however, at some grocery and other big-box stores.

#5 PP (Polypropylene)

PP makes yogurt, butter and other food tubs, as well as bottle caps, car parts and even some carpets. Depending on your area, you might be able to put it in the curbside bin, but double-check to make sure.

#6 PS (Polystyrene or Styrofoam)

Used in items like polystyrene cups, to-go food containers and styrofoam packaging, PS is extremely difficult and expensive to recycle, and is almost never accepted curbside.

#7 Other (Miscellaneous or Mixed Plastics)

This is a catch-all category for plastics that don’t fit into the other numbers. A common example is polycarbonate (PC), found in safety glasses, car parts and nylon. Other examples include reusable water and baby bottles, polycarbonate, compostable bioplastics and BPA-containing plastics.

“People often see this number and assume it’s recyclable because it has the recycling symbol,” says Jones, “however, these items tend not to be widely recyclable, especially those with mixes of plastics.”

Tips for Proper Recycling

Always check local recycling guidelines, since they vary widely based on facility capabilities. Some facilities even have apps that can help with this. Some of the most common recycling mistakes include:

• Not rinsing out containers. Leftover food and drink can contaminate a whole batch of recycling.
• Bagging recyclables. The bag can mess up sorting machinery, so place recyclables loose in the bin.
• Including items with grease, like pizza boxes, napkins and paper plates. Even though they’re made from recyclable materials, they can’t be recycled if they have greasy marks or food residue.
• Wish-cycling, aka putting items into the bin you’re not sure are recyclable. This can contaminate an entire batch of otherwise recyclable items, resulting in them being sent to landfill.

However, if your greater goal is to try to help minimize plastic waste, keep in mind that a better way to do that is to avoid buying products made of plastics in the first place, especially single use items, which account for roughly half of all plastics, says Taarique-Sidibe. “Plus food and drinks in plastic containers are often contaminated with microplastic particles which you then consume, so it’s not good for your health either to use plastics all the time,” she says.

FAQ

Can I recycle plastic without a recycling symbol on it?

It depends, but usually not. If a plastic item doesn’t have a recycling symbol on its packaging, it’s unlikely to be accepted at the recycling facility.

Do all recyclables have a recycling symbol?

Nope. Not all plastics have one, especially small items. Beyond plastics, other recyclable items, like glass jars and metal, might not have a symbol but can still be recycled.

Is all plastic recyclable?

Definitely not. Some types, like #1, #2 and #5 are widely accepted by recycling centers, but most others are not, for various practicality and cost reasons. In fact, less than 10% of all plastics ever produced have been recycled.

What happens if I recycle something that’s not recyclable?

Recycling something that’s not recyclable can contaminate entire batches of otherwise recyclable items, causing them to be sent to the landfill or incinerator, instead of being recycled. “Attempting to recycle thin plastic bags or shrink wrap is especially a major issue, causing damage to machinery at sorting facilities and causing costly delays,” says Jones.

About the Experts

• Aminah Taarique-Sidibe is manager of End Plastics at EarthDay.org, which has a goal of reducing plastic pollution by 60% by 2040.
• Gareth Lloyd Jones is a waste management expert and managing director at the UK-based waste management company HIPPO, where he has worked for 15 years.

Related

• The Real Reason Aluminum Foil Has a Shiny Side and a Dull Side 
• Think Adirondack Chairs Are Uncomfortable? You’re Using Them Wrong 
• Why You Shouldn’t Crush Aluminum Cans Before Recycling 

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